EU oil refining industry costs of changing gasoline and diesel fuel characteristics

Apr 21, 1999

Report no. 99/56: This report presents the results of a study to assess the EU-15 refining industry implications of changing gasoline and diesel fuel characteristics, for the year 2005 onwards. The study’s starting point is the EU Council Common Position on the AO1...

Scientific basis for an air quality standard for nickel

Apr 17, 1999

Report no. 99/53: The health effects due to nickel exposure are reviewed in this document for the purposes of understanding the scientific basis for an Air Quality Standard (AQS). The report provides an overview of two approaches for deriving a nickel AQS by...

Energy use and CO2 emissions in refinery operations

Apr 1, 1999

Increasing the complexity and severity of refinery operations to meet new product specifications, necessarily leads to an increase in energy use. This can be (partially) offset by improved energy efficiency. What options are available to reduce overall CO2...

CONCAWE issues guidelines on gasoline volatility aspects for year 2000 EN 228 standard

Apr 1, 1999

Gasoline volatility specifications are defined in volatility classes in the European Standard EN 228. CEN member countries have selected up to three volatility classes to satisfy the driveability requirements for their market based on regional climatic variations over...

Best Available Techniques to reduce emissions from refineries

Apr 1, 1999

Over the past few years, European governments have progressively sought the application of Best Available Techniques (BAT) for the control of environmental emissions from a range of industrial sectors, including the oil industry. This culminated in the Integrated...