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April 1, 2000
Carbon, sulphur and hydrogen in oil refineries
Accurately calculating the global carbon balance in oil refinery and petroleum product end-use systems is a challenge of nightmare proportions. All except the lightest of the output streams are of u...
April 1, 2000
The impact of Auto/Oil I and II on refinery costs and global CO2 emissions.
Under the Auto/Oil I (AO I) study work in 1996, the EU commission contracted A.D. Little associated with Touche Ross to provide the basis for the cost effects of changes to gasoline and diesel fuels c...
April 1, 2000
European air quality: changing priorities
The second European Auto/Oil Programme (AO II) mentioned in the preceding articles has involved the European Commission, together with Member States, industry1 and the NGO community, over the past t...
April 1, 2000
Global harmonized system of hazard communication for chemicals
Classification and Hazard Communication (labels and safety data sheets) for hazardous chemicals including some oil products are currently driven by national legislation for supply, and by UN harmoni...
April 1, 2000
The Precautionary Principle
The ‘Precautionary Principle’ has become very much a part of the vocabulary of the general environmental scene today. It has found its way into various international declarations and convention...
April 1, 2000
Personal exposure to air pollutants
The air quality limit values which the European Commission has been working on for the last couple of years apply to ambient air. In this sense, ‘ambient air’ is defined as outdoor air in the tr...
April 1, 2000
Estimating the implications of road fuels quality changes on the EU refining industry
Calculations of the cost and global CO2 emission implications to European refining arising as a consequence of required measures such as the Auto/Oil I and potential future Auto/Oil II legislation n...
April 1, 2000
MTBE in gasoline
The abbreviation MTBE refers to methyl tertiary butyl ether—a volatile, water-soluble, oxygencontaining,colourless liquid with an ethereal odour. In Europe, it is used mainly to boost octane rating...
January 17, 2000
The occurrence of selected hydrocarbons in food on sale at petrol station shops and comparison with food from other shops – a literature survey
Report no. 00/51: This study presents the results of a review of reports on the occurrence of some hydrocarbons in food in relation to the sales location, with a particular emphasis on petrol station...
November 21, 1999
The European Union legislative process
Report no. 99/61: This report updates Report 95/64 and describes the legislative process in the European Union, as amended by the Amsterdam Treaty of 1997. The legislative process in the EU is illustr...
November 17, 1999
Тhe health effects of PM2.5 (including ultrafine particles)
Report no. 99/60: A review has been prepared of the health effects of exposure to PM2.5 particles (aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm), including so-called ultrafine particles (aerodynamic diameter <...
October 23, 1999
CONCAWE Review – Autumn 1999
Volume 8 • Number 2: In May this year the CONCAWE Council elected me as the new Chairman of the organization. It is both a privilege and a challenge to take over this responsibility.
A privilege...
October 22, 1999
Health effects of ambient PM— an update
Directive 1999/30/EC was adopted in April of this year by the Council of the European Union. This is the first Daughter Directive established under the Air Quality Framework Directive. The Directive...
October 21, 1999
A test method to assess the ‘inherent’ biodegradability of oil products
Report no. 99/59: This report describes the development of a test method for assessing the potential of oil products to be biodegraded in the environment (‘inherent’ biodegradability). The method...
October 17, 1999
Еnvironmental exposure to benzene
Report no. 2/99: A review is provided of the health risks from environmental exposure to benzene.Sources and levels of benzene exposure of the general public have been identified from literature. Mode...
October 1, 1999
Ambient particulate matter: sources and apportioning
The quality of the air we breathe has become an increasingly important and emotive issue over the past few years.
To date, the regulation of air quality has focused mainly on outdoor air (even th...
October 1, 1999
Particulates and policy — the role of models
In the companion article in this Review (pp. 6–9) we examine the current state of understanding on the sources of particulate matter (emission inventories) and their contribution to ambient levelsÂ...
October 1, 1999
Mobile phones
Mobile phones have rapidly become one of the necessities of modern life, allowing people to keep in touch with each other at all times. As we all know, they can also be annoying when they ring at inap...
October 1, 1999
Exposure profiles
The risk assessment of chemical substances is based on a comparison of the potential adverse effects of a substance at given concentrations with the known or foreseeable exposure for man and the env...
October 1, 1999
Fuels and engines need to be developed together
Much discussion has taken place in Auto/Oil-I, Auto/Oil-II and many other forums on how to achieve air quality targets in a scientific and cost-effective way. The basis is sound science, starting wi...
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