This article summarises the results of two Concawe studies which address the potential for refineries to contribute to a future low-carbon economy. Full details of the studies are presented in Concawe reports8/19 and 9/19, published in 2019.
A Concawe modelling study examines how annual average PM and NO2 concentrations would vary under different emission reduction scenarios, and assesses the cost and practicability of achieving compliance with air quality limit values (AQLVs). The study highlights the...
Gasoline combustion has traditionally been measured using Research Octane Number (RON) and Motor Octane Number (MON) which describe the fuel’s resistance to auto-ignition (commonly known as ‘knock’) under different conditions. All modern European gasoline cars must be...
As the first 2020 edition of the Concawe Review is being published, it has been reported in the news that spring has been abnormally warm in EU countries, providing further evidence of climate change. In line with the European Green Deal and Europe’s ambition to reach...
Gasoline is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other chemical compounds used as fuel for spark-ignition internal combustion engines (ICEs), primarily in passenger cars and other light-duty transportation vehicles (LDVs). Gasoline in the European Union (EU) has to...
