Natural source zone depletion (NSZD) encompasses all processes that result in petroleum hydrocarbon light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) mass loss. Vertical gas transport between the subsurface and atmosphere is a key component of NSZD. Gas exchange with the...
Since 2017, the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has required that all new biodegradation simulation tests be carried out at 12°C, and now also requires that half-life criteria resulting from studies previously undertaken at higher temperatures be...
Concawe has undertaken a city-level analysis to quantify the ways in which the Covid-19 lockdown measures have had an impact on air quality in Europe. This article presents the results of the analysis for particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone...
The European Commission is proposing to revise air quality standards to align them more closely with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. This article focuses on O₃, and assesses how current and projected compliance trends will change under the current EU...
Report no. 5/21: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of widely used man-made organic chemical substances. They contain alkyl groups on which all or many of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced with fluorine. As such, they contain at least one...
