Techno-economic analysis of the impact of the reduction of sulphur content of residual marine fuels in Europe
Report no. 2/06: Annex VI of the IMO’s MARPOL convention is coming into force in 2006 for the Baltic Sea and 2007 for the North Sea, imposing a 1.5% m/m sulphur cap on residual marine fuel (RMF) burned in these areas. At the same time EU Directive2005/33/EC will...
Groundwater and the groundwater daughter directive
The Groundwater Directive (GWD) is a daughter directive of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and has the potential to significantly affect downstream petroleum operations. It is currently undergoing its second reading in the EU parliament and gives rise to very...
Reducing the sulphur content of residual marine fuels
The legislative context Residual fuel is a commodity used by sea-going vessels the world over. The quality specifications of residual marine or ‘bunker’ fuels (RMF) result essentially from self regulation of the industry and agreements between producers and consumers....