The legislative context Residual fuel is a commodity used by sea-going vessels the world over. The quality specifications of residual marine or ‘bunker’ fuels (RMF) result essentially from self regulation of the industry and agreements between producers and consumers....
Report no. 8/05: The cost and CO2 emissions associated with the reduction of sulphur in EU road fuels have been evaluated using the CONCAWE EU refining model. The results are compared to those of a similar study carried out in 2000. In order to reduce sulphur in road...
Air pollution is a major issue in an increasing number of megacities around the world, and new policies to address urban air pollution are likely to be enacted in many developing countries irrespective of the participation of these countries in any explicit future...
In October 2000 the European Commission published an all-encompassing Directive for water. Five years on from the first concept, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) was intended to replace a patchwork of other legislation, often overlapping and even contradictory,...
In 2001, the UN-ECE set up the ‘Expert Group on Techno-Economic Issues’ (EGTEI) tasked with providing a comprehensive review of the European cost and effectiveness database for the abatement of emissions to air (SO2, NOx, VOCs and Particulate Matter). The main goal of...
