Benchmarking of refinery CO2 emissions

Benchmarking of refinery CO2 emissions

The EU Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) foresees a number of mechanisms for distributing emission allowances amongst market players. In the first and second emission trading periods under the original ETS Directive, the majority of allowances were...
The footprint of petroleum fuels

The footprint of petroleum fuels

There are various circumstances, in particular in the context of life cycle analyses (LCA) where it may be desirable to establish the footprint of fossil fuels in terms of cost, energy or greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This legitimate expectation raises a specific...