Concawe Review
Concawe Reviews
CONCAWE Review • Spring 2004
Volume 13, issue no. 1: CONservation of Clean Air and Water in Europe was CONCAWE’s original ‘raison d’être’ and gave the association its name. Water quality issues have been less in focus in...
Concawe Reviews
Advanced vehicles and fuels
The recent update to the EU Fuels Directive specifies a maximum sulphur content of 50 mg/kg in gasolines and diesel fuels from 2005, with ‘appropriately balanced geographic availability’ of sulphu...
Concawe Reviews
Joint European Well-to-Wheels study
The Well-to-Wheels (WTW) study carried out jointly by EUCAR, JRC/IES and CONCAWE was completed at the end of 2003. The study considered a wide range of primary energy sources, automotive fuels and pow...
Concawe Reviews
Safety
Producing and handling petroleum products that are primarily designed to burn is a fundamentally hazardous pursuit. It is no surprise, therefore, that the oil industry has been at the forefront of...
Concawe Reviews
Whole Effluent Assessment (WEA)
Introduction Refineries handle significant volumes of water, often comparable to the amount of hydrocarbons they process. In common with many industries some of this is discharged as an effluent.
T...
Concawe Reviews
Celebrating 40 years of CONCAWE
Volume 12 • Number 2: It is now 40 years since a small group of leading oil companies decided to pool their resources and expertise to deal with the emerging environmental issues associated with oil...
Concawe Reviews
Air quality
At the start of CONCAWE’s life in 1963, air quality was seen mainly as a ‘local air’ issue and the bulk of legislation in force was based on the prevention of nuisance. How things have change...
Concawe Reviews
Fuel quality and emissions
CONCAWE first embarked on work on fuels quality in relation to automotive emissions in the late 1970s.Since that time, tremendous progress has been made in reducing emissions from road transport, with...
Concawe Reviews
Health
CONCAWE has been working on health issues virtually since its inception. In the early years the focus was on occupational health in relation to oil industry workers.
Over the years, and particul...
Concawe Reviews
Oil pipelines
CONCAWE first became involved with oil pipeline safety issues in the mid 1960s when it started collecting information and statistics on incidents and spills related to European cross-country oil pi...
Concawe Reviews
Safety
In an industry that deals with inflammable and potentially explosive products, safety considerations have to be paramount. Since the mid 1990s CONCAWE, with the input of its member companies, has b...
Concawe Reviews
Water and waste
Water is an essential resource that has, over the years, come progressively higher on the international agenda because of its intimate relationship with both human health and ecosystem development....
Concawe Reviews
CONCAWE Review – Spring 2003
Volume 12 • Number 1: With Europe at the forefront of the ratification of the Kyoto protocol, CO2 and, more generally, greenhouse gases (GHG) are now definitely in the limelight and will be a ce...
Concawe Reviews
Emissions from modern gasoline vehicles
Over recent years, vehicle technologies have developed rapidly with significant improvements in emissions control. Exhaust catalysts were first required on European gasoline cars with the introduction...
Concawe Reviews
Establishing Air Quality Limit Values
As part of the Commission’s Clean Air For Europeprogramme (CAFE), the World Health Organization’s (WHO) European Centre for Environment and Health has been contracted to update its guidance with...
Concawe Reviews
EUCAR/JRC/CONCAWE well-to-wheels study
DG TREN’s initiatives on alternative fuels for road transport Following the publication of the Green Paper on the Security of Energy Supply in the autumn of 2001, the EU Commission and in particular...
Concawe Reviews
Exposure of asphalt workers to bitumen fumes
Bitumen is a product with a long history of use as construction material in a wide variety of applications, such as road paving. Under normal ambient conditions bitumens are solid and do not presen...
Concawe Reviews
Modelling the European refining industry
Ten years of modelling experience It is now nearly 10 years since CONCAWE decided to develop a tool to model the European refining industry and evaluate the likely impact of future changes such as leg...
Concawe Reviews
Occupational exposures to gasoline vapour
The risk assessment methodology requires data on exposure in order to make comparisons between so-called ‘no-effect-levels’, arising from health effect studies, and exposure cases as they occur...
Concawe Reviews
Oil in water analysis
The determination of the oil content of refinery effluent water has long been a subject of studies. CONCAWE first published a report on oil in water analysis in 1972.
Although we all know what â...
Concawe Reviews
Sulphur-free fuels are on the way
The final version of the revised EU Fuels Directive, 2003/17/EC, was published in March 2003. As expected, sulphur-free gasoline and diesel fuels (10 mg/kg maximum sulphur content), must be availab...
Concawe Reviews
Regulations to control emissions and fuel implications
Air quality and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are of continuing concern in the European Union. More recently, the EU Commission has raised security of energy supply as a further concern. Major progr...
Concawe Reviews
CONCAWE Review – Autumn 2002
Volume 11 • Number 2: Those old enough to remember the ’70s may have a sense of déjà vu as energy conservation appears once more at the forefront. Today, however, in addition to depletion of nat...
Concawe Reviews
6th CONCAWE pipeline seminar
In April 2002, CONCAWE hosted its 6th Oil Pipeline Operators Experience Exchange seminar ‘COPEX 2002’ in Brussels. The event, which is held approximately every four years, attracted an enthusiasti...