Concawe Reports

Energy and greenhouse gas balance of biofuels for Europe – an update

Report no. 2/02: Recent literature publications have been used to estimate the energy and greenhouse gas balance of the most relevant biofuels in Europe, i.e. ethanol and Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME)....

Evaluation of diesel fuel cetane and aromatics effects on emissions from Euro 3 engines

Report no. 4/02: Following EPEFE, the influence of two important diesel fuel quality parameters one missions remained under debate. These were the difference (if any) between natural and additive-deri...

An assessment of occupational exposure to noise in the European oil industry (1989-1999)

Report no. 01/56: Daily personal noise exposure data available from member companies for European oil industry work environments (refinery, product distribution and others) were collected and analysed...

Environmental classification of petroleum substances – summary data and rationale

Report no. 01/54: Environmental data on the fate and effects of petroleum substances are summarised. Technical issues relating to the choice of test methodology for the evaluation of environmental imp...

European downstream oil industry safety performance statistical summary of reported incidents – 2000

Report no. 3/01: The seventh such report by CONCAWE, this issue includes own employees as well as contractor data for the year 2000 from 20 companies (representing some 90% of the European refining ca...

A noise exposure threshold value for hearing conservation

Report no. 01/52: As part of a proposed EU directive for health and safety at work, a noise exposure threshold level of 75 decibels (A-weighted) over an 8-hour working day has been specified. This is...

Measurement of the number and mass weighted size distributions of exhaust particles emitted from European heavy duty engines

Report no. 01/51: This study investigates the measurement of the mass and the number of heavy duty automotive particle emissions and their related size distributions. Limited additional test work has...

Revised dangerous preparations directive (1999/45/EC) — implications for petroleum products

Report no. 00/56: This report highlights and explains the significance of the changes regarding the classification and labelling of preparations introduced by this revision (1999/45/EEC) to the Danger...

A review of trends in hearing thresholds of European oil refinery workers

Report no. 00/55: The change of hearing thresholds was assessed in a study population of over 1000 noise-exposed oil refinery workers subject to noise at work regulations in Member States of the Europ...

А review of European gasoline exposure data for the period 1993-1998

Report no. 2/00: This report presents data on over 5000 personal gasoline exposure measurements taken in European countries in the period 1993-1998. The majority of the data were generated by CONCAWE...

An assessment of the reproductive toxicity of gasoline vapour

Report no. 00/53: The reproductive toxicity of gasoline vapour in rats was studied in order to generate relevant toxicity information for gasoline in humans via the inhalation route. The two generatio...

Impact of a 10 ppm sulphur specification for transport fuels on the EU refining industry

Report no. 00/54: Production of road fuels to a 10 ppm sulphur specification is feasible but costly both in terms of refinery investments and CO2 emissions. Other fuel properties would not be signific...

Management of occupational health risks during refinery turnarounds

Report no. 00/52: This report addresses the occupational health issues which are an intrinsic part of refinery turnaround activities. It recognises the underlying importance of an effective management...

The occurrence of selected hydrocarbons in food on sale at petrol station shops and comparison with food from other shops – a literature survey

Report no. 00/51: This study presents the results of a review of reports on the occurrence of some hydrocarbons in food in relation to the sales location, with a particular emphasis on petrol station...

The European Union legislative process

Report no. 99/61: This report updates Report 95/64 and describes the legislative process in the European Union, as amended by the Amsterdam Treaty of 1997. The legislative process in the EU is illustr...

Тhe health effects of PM2.5 (including ultrafine particles)

Report no. 99/60: A review has been prepared of the health effects of exposure to PM2.5 particles (aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm), including so-called ultrafine particles (aerodynamic diameter <...

A test method to assess the ‘inherent’ biodegradability of oil products

Report no. 99/59: This report describes the development of a test method for assessing the potential of oil products to be biodegraded in the environment (‘inherent’ biodegradability). The method...

Еnvironmental exposure to benzene

Report no. 2/99: A review is provided of the health risks from environmental exposure to benzene.Sources and levels of benzene exposure of the general public have been identified from literature. Mode...

Potential of exhaust after treatment and engine technologies to meet future emissions limits

Report no. 99/62: In view of the European Auto Oil Process (AO2) a CONCAWE study reviewed literature (up to 9/1998) and in-house information on improved exhaust after treatment and engine technologies...

European downstream oil industry safety performance statistical summary of reported incidents – 1998

Report no. 1/99: This report is the fifth by CONCAWE reviewing the safety performance of the downstream oil industry in Europe. The area of coverage is primarily the EU, EEA and Hungary, but for some...

Environmental levels of benzene at the boundaries of three European refineries

Report no. 99/57: A year-long study of benzene-in-air concentrations at the boundaries of three refineries has been carried out.The sampling technique employed was passive diffusion tubes. Sampling lo...

Fuel quality, vehicle technology and their interactions

Report no. 99/55: CONCAWE has studied the many aspects important when considering fuel quality. The report reviews the complex interactions between fuels, vehicle technology, test cycles and reference...

Оverview and critique of the air pollution and health: a European approach (APHEA) project

Report no. 99/54: The relationship between air pollution and adverse health outcomes is a subject of current concern in the area of environmental health. The Air Pollution and Health: a European Appro...

Best available techniques to reduce emissions from refineries

Report no. 99/01: BAT Reference documents (BREFs) are to be prepared by the European IPPC Bureau established at JRC/IPTS in Seville, and the Refinery BREF is scheduled for 1999. It is understood that...